One in two men of reproductive age (up to fifty years of age) is prone to a delicate disease such as acute prostatitis, in which the prostate (prostate) becomes inflamed due to certain factors, causing various forms of sexual dysfunction. functions, fertility, and psycho-emotional states. Be attentive to what your body is saying and don’t neglect timely treatment.
What is acute prostatitis
If a man feels discomfort or even pain while urinating, see a doctor immediately because acute prostatitis is an infectious disease that causes prostatitis, followed by edema of the glandular tissue, the formation of purulent foci. On. If you do not pay attention to the signs of acute inflammation of the prostate, the pathological process can turn into a chronic form that is difficult to treat and there is very little time to think - the transformation will take place within days.
However, more serious complications are possible than the transition to chronic form. There is a risk of sepsis - a general infection of the blood and ascending infection of the urinary tract with the development of pyelonephritis and cystitis. In these cases, the patient will be hospitalized urgently and his condition may be critical. Although sepsis as a complication is rare, it can occur in patients with an immunosuppressive condition - poisoning, fever, severe symptoms, weakness. Therefore, blood cultures are required for the detection of microorganisms.
Symptoms of acute prostatitis
Every man should know and remember the symptoms of acute prostatitis. The general signs of the disease are:
- Sharp pain while urinating.
- Physical poisoning.
- Urinary disturbances (intermittent, weak, strained water flow).
- A frequent urge to visit the night toilet.
These are external symptoms of prostatitis, but on deeper examination, there are leukocytes, mucus, and pus in the urine. A dense, enlarged organ can be felt on touch, the pressure will be painful. Further development of the inflammatory process is characterized by difficulty and pain in the perineum, which radiates to the penis, sacrum, and rectum. This makes it difficult for the patient to empty the bladder and defecate due to the severe pain. Body temperature can rise to 38 ° C.
Causes of acute prostatitis
Because this disease is bacterial in inflammation, the following infectious agents cause acute prostatitis:
- Gram-negative - Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus.
- Gram-positive - enterococci, staphylococci, streptococci.
- Urogenital - trichomoniasis, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, gonorrhea, candidiasis, mycoplasmosis.
The microbial microflora penetrates the glandular tissue of the prostate in a transcanalicular manner (through the urethra and secretory channels of the prostate). In cystitis, the infection migrates from the bladder to the prostate. Endouretral manipulations (catheter insertion, urethral bougienage, cystoscopy, urethroscopy) open up other possible pathways for bacterial penetration. Pathogenic microorganisms migrate from distant pathogenic foci to the prostate in the case of caries, sinusitis, tonsillitis, cholecystitis, bronchitis.
There is a high probability of intestinal infection with proctitis, hemorrhoid cracks, colitis. Non-infectious factors that cause an attack of prostatitis are congestive (congestive) venous phenomena in the pelvic area and disruption of the acinar glands. Congestion can be caused by irregular or, on the contrary, excessive sexual activity, interruption of sexual life, sedentary lifestyle, frequent constipation, frequent alcohol poisoning, pelvic varicose veins, hypothermia.
Forms of acute prostatitis
The clinical development of this disease is considered in three stages, which are also forms of acute pancreatitis. This:
- The first stage is the catarrhal form.
- The second stage is the follicular form.
- The third stage is the parenchymal form.
Acute inflammation of the prostate in men begins with catarrhal inflammation, characterized by the expansion of the acins, the occurrence of edema of the glandular tissue, and the consequent increase in organ size. The secretory ducts of the prostate glands, which open into the back of the urethra, are actively involved in the inflammatory process. The lobes and ducts of the prostate become inflamed, their contraction is disturbed, narrowed, clogged, which can make it difficult to choose the secret of the prostate.
In the catarrhal stage, the pathological process stops at the mucosal layers and does not go deeper. In the process of progression, the disease spreads to the entire prostate gland. Follicular acute bacterial prostatitis develops. The analysis reveals pus in the urine. The tissues of the gland change destructively, the swelling continues to increase. The follicular form is still relatively easy to handle.
Furthermore, a parenchymal form of the disease develops, which can result in an abscess of the prostate, i. e. , chronic prostatitis. Therefore, symptoms such as:
- Rise in body temperature to 39 ° C and above.
- Manifestations of intoxication: weakness, chills, thirst, loss of appetite.
- Frequent stimulation due to small needs is accompanied by pulsating sharp pains.
- Inability to empty the bladder.
- Puffiness.
- Tenesmus.
- Constipation.
- Emptying the mucosa from the anus.
Diagnosis of acute prostatitis
In case of first suspicion of prostatitis, rush to the doctor. A correct and comprehensive diagnosis of acute prostatitis is very important for rapid and successful treatment. The doctor first analyzes the anamnesis and clarifies when there is pain in the perineum, increased or decreased ejaculation, urination, and defecation. Make sure your doctor needs to study the patient's medical history: what diseases they have transmitted, whether there have been sexually transmitted infections.
The urologist palpates the external genitals to detect developmental pathologies, visible signs of prostatitis, and an examination of the prostate gland through the anus. The following studies should be performed to establish a complete clinical picture:
- Urine test to determine the level of leukocytes and the presence of purulent fibers.
- Blood test.
- Culture smear - the contents of the urethra and scraping from the urethra are taken to determine the growth of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics.
- Determination of urine velocity (uroflowmetry).
- Ultrasound of the prostate to detect diffuse lesions and abscesses in the gland.
- Blood test to determine the presence of pathogens of diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia.
- PCR diagnostics.
Treatment of acute prostatitis
After a thorough diagnosis, treatment for acute prostatitis is started. It is based on antibiotic therapy, which aims to control infectious pathogens. In addition, conservative treatment of prostatitis involves the use of:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Devices for improving blood circulation.
- Analgesics and antispasmodics.
- Drugs that support the metabolic processes in the prostate.
- Multivitamins.
- Phytotherapeutic agents.
- Immunomodulators.
Advanced forms of prostatitis require surgery with the appearance of purulent foci. The abscesses are drained transurethrally (through the wall of the urethra) or transrectally (through the wall of the anus). Abnormal urinary retention may require surgery. A prickly epicystostomy is performed - an incision is made in the abdominal cavity in which a tube is inserted to drain urine.
medicines
Medication (tablets, injections) for the treatment of acute prostatitis in men is the basis of successful therapy. With well-prescribed antibiotic treatment, the infection can be overcome in a matter of days. However, in order to completely eradicate the pathogenic microflora, it is recommended that treatment be continued for four weeks. The medicines used in the disease are:
- Etiotropic (antibiotics) - kills pathogens.
- Pathogenetic (NSAIDs) - to relieve prostate congestion.
- Symptomatic (analgesics, antipyretics) - to relieve pain, muscle cramps and other symptoms in the body.
To treat prostatitis, your doctor may prescribe a drug complex that includes:
- Injections - help the medicine to penetrate the tissues of the body in a short time.
- Candles (rectal) - analgesic, antibacterial effect.
- Instillations - delivery of the drug to the prostate through the urethra.
- Microclysters with herbal decoction.
- Antibacterial drugs with a broad spectrum of action if the specific pathogen of the disease is not identified.
Antibiotics for acute prostatitis
The main pathogens of prostatitis are pathogenic bacteria that cause inflammation in the tissues of the prostate. Therefore, antibiotics for acute prostatitis are the basis of treatment and are prescribed only after examination of the sensitivity of the microflora. Antimicrobials used to treat inflammation can be divided into the following groups:
- Fluoroquinolones.
- Penicillins.
- Cephalosporins.
- Macrolides.
- Tetracyclines.
- Aminoglycosides.
Prevention of acute prostatitis
In order for a man to always be healthy and full of strength, it is important to prevent acute prostatitis, including:
- Having regular sex with a regular partner, except for casual relationships.
- Using a condom.
- Stop smoking, drugs, alcohol.
- Proper nutrition.
- personal hygiene.
- Annual preventive examinations at the urologist.
- Taking vitamins and zinc preparations.
Complete treatment of diseases of the urogenital organs (urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, balanoposthitis) is important. Undertreated diseases can cause an inflammatory process in the prostate gland. We must not forget to increase physical activity, among other things. Hypothermia should be avoided during the cold season. Prostate massage is very beneficial for men’s health. However, if the disease has already been felt, massage is contraindicated and even impossible due to organ pain.